WHO recommendation on duration of the first stage of labour.

The literature demonstrates that this model of management of normal labor and delivery is associated with lower rates of cesarean section, decreased rates of episiotomies and third- or fourth-degree lacerations, and infant morbidity and mortality rates comparable to or lower than those for similar low-risk populations managed by physicians.

This analysis suggests that the effect of epidural analgesia on caesarean birth for dystocic labour is minimal. However, it demonstrates a continuing excess of the use of instruments for the vaginal births of women using epidural analgesia, even though the more recent studies have utilised newer techniques and analgesic formulations.

Contemporary management of labor is based on the clinical evaluation of cervical changes and the station of the fetal presenting part. 1, 2 A number of mechanical, electromechanical, and magnetic tracking devices have been proposed for intrapartum objective measurement of cervical dilatation. 3, 4 The use of intrapartum ultrasonography for documenting labor progression was until now restricted.

Introduction. Parturition is currently described in terms of stages and phases based on an understanding of female anatomy and physiology, statistical normality and time parameters (Friedman, 1954, Arya et al., 2007).The concept of labour and birth as having three stages was articulated by men during the 19th century (Coffin, 1853, Barnes, 1883).The addition of the latent and active phase for.

Lateral and posterior positions of the fetal head may be associated with more painful, prolonged or obstructed labour and difficult delivery. 31, 41 One suggestion is that epidural analgesia may be associated with failure of spontaneous rotation to an occiput anterior position. 12 Fetal position was an outcome in four trials of neuraxial analgesia during labour and the results of these trials.

Introduction. Uterine rupture involving the urinary bladder in labor and delivery is a momentous uro-obstetric emergency that results in stillbirth, maternal morbidity, and occasional maternal fatality. 1 Uterine rupture is unusual in the primigravida. In the few isolated recorded cases of uterine rupture from prolonged obstructed labor in the primigravida, bladder rupture is distinctly rare.

Subjecto is a website with more than 1000 sample essays that can be used by students for free. All the samples offered are a source of inspiration, writing ideas and creativity boost. Moreover, these assignments are performed by professional writers and researchers and can serve as exemplars of quality academic writing.

Primigravida did not require more than 2 units of blood whereas 11.9% multigravida needed 3 or more units of BT. CONCLUSION: In primigravida, a proper antenatal monitoring would reduce the incidence of anemia and antepartum eclampsia. Active management of labor with partograph should be done.

Its analysis featured data on almost 65,000 women using maternity services across England. The researchers were primarily focused on a composite of the rates of mortality at or just after birth, and on injuries that may occur during birth such as broken bones, traumatic nerve injury, brain injury and a type of respiratory infection called meconium aspiration syndrome.

Alice, a primigravida, calls the labor unit. She tells a nurse that she thinks she is in labor. “I have had some pains for about 2 hours. Should my husband bring me to the hospital now?” Provide EB rationale for all responses. Describe how a nurse should approach this situation.

Labor complications. Complications can also occur during labor and delivery. If there’s a problem during labor, your doctor may need to change the way they proceed with the delivery. Breech position.

For more than 60 years, labour progression has been assessed on the basis of Friedman's work, who first published a graphicostatistical analysis of labour and presented the cervical dilatation for nulliparous women as a sigmoid labour curve.